This search will only display bios, tweets and articles that contain both words/phrases. Using the AND operator narrows your search by instructing the database to search for all of the reporter bios, tweets and articles containing the first word and then for all of the reporter bios, tweets and articles containing the second word. Elon's Musk: the essence of Elon), so the search without quotation marks won't be helpful.Ĭombining "quotation marks" AND Boolean operators It's unlikely that Elon will drop a perfume/cologne line soon (e.g. If you searched for Elon Musk without the quotation marks, Muck Rack will split up the words Elon and Musk and highlight them as relevant matches even when not mentioned as an exact phrase. Quotation marks must be used when searching for exact phrases of more than one word.įor example: "Elon Musk" will only return mentions of "Elon Musk" Tesla NOT "Nikola Tesla" can also be written as Tesla - "Nikola Tesla" "Elon Musk" OR Tesla can also be written as "Elon Musk", Tesla Tesla AND CEO can also be written as Tesla + CEO We also have symbols that function the same as the AND, OR, and NOT operators: A plus sign ( +) can be used in lieu of AND, a comma ( ,) can be used in lieu of OR, and a minus sign ( -) can be used in lieu of NOT. These are the foundational Boolean operators: AND, OR, and NOT. To do so, you can use special Boolean terms in conjunction with your keywords and phrases. We need additional tools to broaden or narrow a search. Boolean searching uses operators such as AND, OR, and NOT to refine your search terms. Keyword searching will search for keywords anywhere in a result record, such as the title or body of an article. Stay flexible, and don’t be too quick to fixate on the very first thing you find. Make lists of potential related subjects or concepts that might help focus your interests. Follow a few links, stay aware and notice any synonyms, names, or alternative terms that appear in these preliminary searches. You could do a very broad search in Muck Rack to see what comes up. Remember that research is also a very creative process. The process may have dead ends and sometimes you may even need to start over. Usually, you can’t simply decide on a topic and then go find the exact contacts or content that you need. Some databases only accept these operators when they are capitalized.The first thing you need to understand about any type of research is that it’s a process. Psychology NOT Developmental: any results that contain the word "psychology" will appear in your results list except those results that also contain the word "developmental".Ĭapitalize your Boolean commands. Using Boolean command NOT in your search tells the search engine to give you results that contain the word(s) you entered except the word following NOT. Teenagers OR adolescents: any results that contain either teenagers or adolescents will appear in your results list. Using Boolean command OR in your search tells the search engine to give you results that contain any of the words you have entered. Media AND violence: only those results that contain both media and violence will appear in your search results list. Using the Boolean command AND in your search tells the search engine to give you results that contain all of the words you have entered. Other commands include parentheses, truncation, and phrases. The most popular Boolean commands are AND, OR, and NOT. Boolean is a set of commands that can be used in almost every search engine, database, or online catalogue.
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